Diazepam
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| PsychonautWiki | TripSit | Pharmacology | DrugCentral | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification | |||||
| Class / category | — | — | ≈ | ||
| Also known as | ValiumDiastatMother's Little HelperApaurin | valium | — | — | ≈ |
| Safety | |||||
| Addiction potential | extremely physically and psychologically addictive | — | — | — | |
| Toxicity | low toxicitypotentially lethal when mixed with depressants like alcohol or opioids | — | — | — | |
| Dangerous interactions | — | — | — | ||
| Dose · Oral | |||||
| Threshold | 1 mg | — | — | — | |
| Light | 2.5–5 mg | 2.5–5 mg | — | — | = |
| Common | 5–15 mg | 5–15 mg | — | — | = |
| Strong | 15–30 mg | — | — | — | |
| Heavy | 30 mg+ | 15 mg+ | — | — | ≠ |
| Duration | |||||
| Onset | 20–40 minutes | 30–90 minutes | — | — | ≠ |
| Total | 4–8 hours | 10–24 hours | — | — | ≠ |
| After-effects | 12–36 hours | 1–120 hours | — | — | ≠ |
| Pharmacology | |||||
| Receptor activity | — | — | Translocator proteinUncheckedGABA A receptor alpha-6/beta-2/gamma-2GABA-A receptor; anion channelGABA-A receptor; alpha-2/beta-3/gamma-2GABA-A receptor; alpha-1/beta-2/gamma-2GABA A receptor alpha-5/beta-3/gamma-2GABA A receptor alpha-3/beta-2/gamma-2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5/beta-2/gamma-2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5GABA A receptor alpha-1/beta-1/gamma-2GABA-A receptor; alpha-1/beta-3/gamma-2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1GABA-A receptor; alpha-3/beta-3/gamma-2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3GABA A receptor alpha-2/beta-2/gamma-2CholinesteraseFatty acid-binding protein, liverGABA-A receptor; alpha-6/beta-3/gamma-2Acetylcholinesterase | ADRA1AGABRG2GABRA3GABRA5GABRB3GABRA1TrhracheADORA3AKR1C1AKR1C2AKR1C3BCHECYP3A4Fabp1GabrpGabra2Tspo | ≠ |
| Half-life | — | — | Diazepam has a biphasic half-life with an initial rapid distribution phase followed by a prolonged terminal elimination phase of 1 or 2 days; its action is further prolonged by the even longer half-life of 2-5 days of its principal active metabolite, desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), the relative proportion of which increases in the body on long-term administration. The plasma half-life of diazepam is prolonged in neonates, in the elderly, and in patients with kidney or liver disease. ... The distributive (alpha) half-life of diazepam is about 1 hr, while the elimination (beta) half-life is about 1.5 days initially and even longer after prolonged treatment. In full term infants, elimination half-lives around 30 hours have been reported, with a longer average half-life of 54 hours reported in premature infants of 28 - 34 weeks gestational age and 8 - 81 days post-partum. In both premature and full term infants the active metabolite desmethyldiazepam shows evidence of continued accumulation compared to children. Longer half-lives in infants may be due to incomplete maturation of metabolic pathways Elimination half-life increases by approximately 1 hour for each year of age beginning with a half-life of 20 hours at 20 years of age. In mild and moderate cirrhosis, average half-life is increased. The average increase has been variously reported from 2-fold to 5-fold, with individual half-lives over 500 hours reported. ... Mean half-life is also prolonged with hepatic fibrosis to 90 hours (range 66 - 104 hours), with chronic active hepatitis to 60 hours (range 26 - 76 hours), and with acute viral hepatitis to 74 hours (range 49 - 129). For more Biological Half-Life (Complete) data for DIAZEPAM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. | — | |
| Protein binding | — | — | Despite high binding to plasma proteins (98-99%) - mainly albumin and to a lesser extent α1-acid glycoprotein - diazepam is widely distributed into tissues and crosses the blood-brain barrier and is highly lipid soluble, which causes the initial effects to decrease rapidly as it is redistributed into fat deposits and tissues. | — | |
Dose at a glance
Each database's primary-route ladder on one shared scale — see where ranges line up or shift.
PsychonautWiki oral
TripSit Oral
037.5 mg
LightCommonStrongHeavy
Duration at a glance
Total duration on one shared scale.
PsychonautWiki
TripSit
PsychonautWiki summary
Fatal overdose may occur when benzodiazepines are combined with other depressants such as opiates, barbiturates, gabapentinoids, thienodiazepines, alcohol or other GABAergic substances.[1] It is strongly discouraged to combine these substances, particularly in common to heavy doses.
TripSit summary
A very common and widely prescribed benzodiazepine with hypnotic and sedative qualities. The metre by which other benzodiazepines are compared. May cause amnesia and lowered inhibitions in excess. Has a relatively long half-life in comparison with other benzodiazepines.
Fact-sheets from PsychonautWiki. Harm-reduction reference only — not medical advice.