Nicotine
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| PsychonautWiki | TripSit | Pharmacology | DrugCentral | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification | |||||
| Class / category | — | — | ≠ | ||
| Also known as | Nicotine | — | — | — | |
| Safety | |||||
| Addiction potential | extremely addictive with a high potential for abuse | — | — | — | |
| Toxicity | estimated oral LD50 of 6.5 - 13 mg/kg in humans | — | — | — | |
| Dose · Buccal | |||||
| Threshold | 0.2 mg | — | — | — | |
| Light | 0.5–2 mg | — | — | — | |
| Common | 2–4 mg | — | — | — | |
| Strong | 4–6 mg | — | — | — | |
| Heavy | 6 mg+ | — | — | — | |
| Dose · Oral | |||||
| Threshold | 0.2 mg | — | — | — | |
| Light | 1–3 mg | — | — | — | |
| Common | 3–5 mg | — | — | — | |
| Strong | 5–7 mg | — | — | — | |
| Heavy | 7 mg+ | — | — | — | |
| Dose · Smoked | |||||
| Threshold | 0.2 mg | — | — | — | |
| Light | 0.3–0.8 mg | — | — | — | |
| Common | 0.8–1.5 mg | — | — | — | |
| Strong | 1.5–3.5 mg | — | — | — | |
| Heavy | 3.5 mg+ | — | — | — | |
| Duration | |||||
| Onset | 3–15 minutes | — | — | — | |
| Total | 45–90 minutes | — | — | — | |
| After-effects | 2–6 hours | — | — | — | |
| Pharmacology | |||||
| Receptor activity | — | — | — | CHRNB2Kcnd3TRPA1CHRNA1nAChRbeta2chrndAcetylcholine-binding proteinCYP2A6crtYChrm1Chrna3Chrna2Chrna4CHRNA7Chrna9Chrnb4nAChRalpha5HTR3ESoluble acetylcholine receptor | |
| Half-life | — | — | Cotinine has a half life of 15-20 hours, while nicotine has a half life of 1-3 hours Plasma concentrations of nicotine appear to decline in a biphasic manner. The half-life of nicotine in the initial phase is reportedly about 2-3 minutes and the half-life in the terminal phase reportedly averages about 2 hours (range: 1-4 hours). Following removal of a transdermal system of nicotine, plasma nicotine concentrations decline with an apparent half-life averaging 3-6 hours, which exceeds that of nicotine given iv; the slow decline in plasma nicotine concentrations following removal of a transdermal system appears to result from continued absorption of residual drug in the skin. Cotinine is the major metabolite /of nicotine/ and has a plasma half-life of about 10-40 hours. ... Following the administration of 0.1 mg nicotine/kg (labeled in 2-(14)C-pyrrolidone) to rats ... radioactivity due to nicotine and cotinine was detected in substantial amounts in plasma samples. Nicotine disappearance was biexponential, with an elimination half life of 1.0 hour. Cotinine appeared as the major metabolite in plasma and had elimination half life of 5.2 hours. | — | |
| Protein binding | — | — | Less than 5% | — | |
PsychonautWiki summary
The nicotine metabolite N-nitrosonornicotine is classified as a IARC Group 1 carcinogen Nicotine in the mouth and stomach can react to form N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN),[1] a known type 1 carcinogen,[2] suggesting that consumption of non-tobacco forms of nicotine may still play a role in carcinogenesis.[3] This suggests that even oral nicotine replacement therapy products could theoretically contribute to cancer risk.
TripSit summary
A chemical found in tobacco, aubergines and tomatoes which is considered one of the most addictive drugs in existence. It is a mild stimulant, with stress relieving effects. It is widely used in the form of cigarettes, the use of which carries a high risk of causing cancer or heart issues over time. Increasingly, it is 'vaped' as a purportedly safer alternative to smoking.
Fact-sheets from PsychonautWiki. Harm-reduction reference only — not medical advice.